What is Hackers' Pub?

Hackers' Pub is a place for software engineers to share their knowledge and experience with each other. It's also an ActivityPub-enabled social network, so you can follow your favorite hackers in the fediverse and get their latest posts in your feed.

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These photos of me at an SGI O2 were taken more than 25 years apart. Me working at the engineering computer lab in college, and me at my workbench looking at what’s on the O2 I just found locally on marketplace.

A young me sitting in front of an SGI O2 (purplish toaster looking computer). The photo looks like it was taken with an early digital cameraA middle aged me sitting next to a different SGI O2. It’s a modern cell phone picture.
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Your Brain on ChatGPT: Accumulation
of Cognitive Debt when Using an AI
Assistant for Essay Writing Task arxiv.org/pdf/2506.08872

Fascinating paper. It's long, 200 pages; you can read the intro and the Discussion section and get much out of it already though, but they do their homework.

Effects of LLM usage on memory retention and task execution:

- LLM users do get judged well by human and LLM judges for their essays
- Can't remember them
- Low cognitive activation
- Essays are mostly the same

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Severe Thunderstorm Warning, Central Interior, 2025-06-16 15:51 AKDT.

SVRAFG

The National Weather Service in Fairbanks has issued a

Severe Thunderstorm Warning for... East central Central Interior in Alaska...

Until 415 PM AKDT.

At 351 PM AKDT, a severe thunderstorm was located 28 miles north of Nenana, moving west at 20 mph.

HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and nickel size hail.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Expect damage to roofs, siding, and trees.

Locations impacted include... Old Minto.

https://forecast.weather.gov/MapClick.php?zoneid=AKZ846


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Special Weather Statement, Haines Borough and Klukwan; Glacier Bay, 2025-06-16 15:49 AKDT.

At 349 PM AKDT, Satellite imagery indicated a strong thunderstorm near Gustavus, or 29 miles north of Hoonah, moving north at 30 mph.

HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 50 mph and pea size hail.

SOURCE...Satellite indicated.

IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around unsecured objects. Minor hail damage to vegetation is possible.

Locations impacted include... Gustavus and Bartlett Cove, including Glacier Bay.

https://forecast.weather.gov/MapClick.php?zoneid=AKZ319


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Re: Joyce - Ulysses returns to the RTÉ airwaves for Bloomsday

Drama On One's Kevin Reynolds introduces the legendary RTÉ production of James Joyce's Ulysses, performed by the Radio Éireann Players, which returns to the airwaves for Bloomsday.

Happy 103rd birthday to James Joyce's novel Ulysses.

rte.ie/culture/2025/0612/15180

Ulysses at PG:
gutenberg.org/ebooks/4300

Announcement of the initial publication of Ulysses.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joyce#/media/File:Order_form_for_ulysses.jpg
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𝐈𝐕. 𝐁𝐞𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐨𝐠𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭
- Quoting Ability: LLM users failed to quote accurately, while Brain-only participants showed robust recall and quoting skills.
- Ownership: Brain-only group claimed full ownership of their work; LLM users expressed either no ownership or partial ownership.
- Critical Thinking: Brain-only participants cared more about 𝘸𝘩𝘢𝘵 and 𝘸𝘩𝘺 they wrote; LLM users focused on 𝘩𝘰𝘸.

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𝐈𝐕. 𝐁𝐞𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐨𝐠𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭
- Quoting Ability: LLM users failed to quote accurately, while Brain-only participants showed robust recall and quoting skills.
- Ownership: Brain-only group claimed full ownership of their work; LLM users expressed either no ownership or partial ownership.
- Critical Thinking: Brain-only participants cared more about 𝘸𝘩𝘢𝘵 and 𝘸𝘩𝘺 they wrote; LLM users focused on 𝘩𝘰𝘸.

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𝑺𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 4 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒔:
- LLM-to-Brain (🤖🤖🤖🧠) participants underperformed cognitively with reduced alpha/beta activity and poor content recall.
- Brain-to-LLM (🧠🧠🧠🤖) participants showed strong re-engagement, better memory recall, and efficient tool use.

LLM-to-Brain participants had potential limitations in achieving robust neural synchronization essential for complex cognitive tasks.

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𝐈𝐈𝐈: 𝐄𝐄𝐆 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬
Connectivity: Brain-only group showed the highest neural connectivity, especially in alpha, theta, and delta bands. LLM users had the weakest connectivity, up to 55% lower in low-frequency networks. Search Engine group showed high visual cortex engagement, aligned with web-based information gathering.

𝑺𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 4 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒔:
- LLM-to-Brain (🤖🤖🤖🧠) participants underperformed cognitively with reduced alpha/beta activity and poor content recall.
- Brain-to-LLM (🧠🧠🧠🤖) participants showed strong re-engagement, better memory recall, and efficient tool use.

LLM-to-Brain participants had potential limitations in achieving robust neural synchronization essential for complex cognitive tasks.

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𝐈𝐈. 𝐄𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 (𝐓𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐯𝐬. 𝐀𝐈 𝐉𝐮𝐝𝐠𝐞)
- Teachers detected patterns typical of AI-generated content and scoring LLM essays lower for originality and structure.
- AI Judge gave consistently higher scores to LLM essays, missing human-recognized stylistic traits.

𝐈𝐈𝐈: 𝐄𝐄𝐆 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬
Connectivity: Brain-only group showed the highest neural connectivity, especially in alpha, theta, and delta bands. LLM users had the weakest connectivity, up to 55% lower in low-frequency networks. Search Engine group showed high visual cortex engagement, aligned with web-based information gathering.

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𝐈. 𝐍𝐋𝐏 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭
- LLM Group: Essays were highly homogeneous within each topic, showing little variation. Participants often relied on the same expressions or ideas.
- Brain-only Group: Diverse and varied approaches across participants and topics.
- Search Engine Group: Essays were shaped by search engine-optimized content; their ontology overlapped with the LLM group but not with the Brain-only group.

𝐈𝐈. 𝐄𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 (𝐓𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐯𝐬. 𝐀𝐈 𝐉𝐮𝐝𝐠𝐞)
- Teachers detected patterns typical of AI-generated content and scoring LLM essays lower for originality and structure.
- AI Judge gave consistently higher scores to LLM essays, missing human-recognized stylistic traits.

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For 4 months, 54 students were divided into three groups: ChatGPT, Google -ai, and Brain-only. Across 3 sessions, each wrote essays on SAT prompts. In an optional 4th session, participants switched: LLM users used no tools (LLM-to-Brain), and Brain-only group used ChatGPT (Brain-to-LLM).

𝐈. 𝐍𝐋𝐏 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭
- LLM Group: Essays were highly homogeneous within each topic, showing little variation. Participants often relied on the same expressions or ideas.
- Brain-only Group: Diverse and varied approaches across participants and topics.
- Search Engine Group: Essays were shaped by search engine-optimized content; their ontology overlapped with the LLM group but not with the Brain-only group.

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HT to @hailey for linking this one; it's really good to see something this robust.

I think many of us have suspected that this is the kind of effect one would have when using LLMs heavily: you don't learn, you don't remember, you become a conduit for the LLM tooling. But here's some clear information.

Comparison to search engine usage is also done in the paper.

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Also, feels like there's been so much talking (and of course, doc'ing), so little time to post about it!

- SustainOSS podcast for Maintainer Month: podcast.sustainoss.org/272

- Talking and Doc'ing now live on YouTube every week: youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8Q

- Next week, new @astro course on Scrimba + my own personal Scrimba -> Astro journey! (Stay tuned for details!)

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🦊

NEW(ish) WORK! For the last few months I’ve been helping out at Unbreaking, a volunteer-powered project that’s documenting this administration’s attacks on American institutions. They’re bringing clarity to the chaos, and it’s been a rare privilege to work with them.

Here’s a brief write-up of the work I’ve contributed — and more importantly, the work *they* do. (And how you can help, if you’re interested.) ethanmarcotte.com/wrote/unbrea

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