What is Hackers' Pub?

Hackers' Pub is a place for software engineers to share their knowledge and experience with each other. It's also an ActivityPub-enabled social network, so you can follow your favorite hackers in the fediverse and get their latest posts in your feed.

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KAGAMI🏳️‍🌈🏳️‍⚧️ shared the below article:

생성 AI 논의에 대해 두서없이 몇 가지

lark @lark@hackers.pub

오랫동안 머신러닝 딥러닝 AI 모델링을 업으로 삼아 왔지만 정작 LLM이나 이미지 생성 같은 생성쪽은 피해다니다 보니[1] 이쪽 주제에 대해 아는 척 하기도 쉽지 않지만.. 관련 논의들 구경하다 보면 제가 평소 생각하는 중요 지점들이 잘 이야기되지 않는 것 같아 의식의 흐름을 따라 이것저것 남겨봅니다.

우선 모델이 생성한 결과물이 어떤 성격이나 맥락을 가지는지에 따라 저작권 문제가 완전히 달라지는데, 이건 원래 저작권에 대한 전반적인 성격이 그러하기 때문입니다. 기존 저작물을 복사/변형하더라도 그 목적이 원래 저작물과 판이하게 다를수록 저작권 침해가 아니라 fair use로 인정받을 가능성이 높아집니다.

맥락과 의도가 얼마나 중요한지를 보여주는 상징적인 사례가 구글 북스 소송인데, 구글 북스는 저작권이 있는 책을 사용자들에게 그대로 보여주니까 심각한 저작권 침해로 보일 수 있지만, 법정에서는 구글 북스 웹사이트가 원래 책 내용을 그대로 접근하는 목적을 막고 검색이라는 새로운 목적에만 사용가능하도록 했다고 판단했습니다.

이러한 다양한 사례 연구들이 Foundation Models and Fair Use에 나와 있습니다. 이 논문은 AI 연구자들과 법학 연구자가 같이 썼고 여러 legal edge case가 등장해서 생각을 정리하는 데에 도움이 될 수 있습니다.

Fair use의 핵심 요소인 transformative에 대해 AI모델 입장에서 보면, 사용자가 준 입력 텍스트에 있는 정보를 추출하거나 변환하는 task가 이에 해당할 가능성이 높습니다. 가장 유명한 예시가 텍스트 번역일 것 같은데, 사용자가 입력한 텍스트를 다른 언어로 바꾸는 것이 전부고 거기에 새로운 창작성이 드러나지는 않습니다[2]. 제가 이해하기로는 LLM이나 소위 AI가 잘 한다고 알려진 task도 대부분 이러한 것입니다. 번역이라든지, 텍스트 포맷을 바꾼다든지 등등. 제 주변에 LLM 잘 활용하신다는 분들을 보면 아마도 대부분 그렇게 쓰시는 것 같고요.

여기서 UX 관점에서의 불평을 하고 싶은데요, 무조건적인 텍스트 생성이 아니라 주어진 입력을 변환하는 능력이 LLM의 핵심 가치라면 모델이나 서비스 입장에서 그런 기능만 제공하고 지나친 생성을 제한하는 UI나 기술 장치를 도입해야 하지 않을까요? LLM을 긍정적으로 생각하지만 전반적인 생성(특히 입력보다 출력이 더 자유도가 높을 경우)이 사회적으로 위험하다고 생각된다면 그러한 조치를 LLM 서비스 제공자들에게 요구할 수는 없을까요? 저는 이러한 방향의 논의를 거의 본 적이 없는데, 아마 LLM를 접해본 사람들은 긍정적이든 부정적이든 그런 인터페이스가 어쩔 수 없는 일이라고 가정하고 있어서 그런 것 같습니다. (마침 며칠 전부터 ChatGPT나 Gemini에 번역 전용 UI가 생겼다는 소식이 보이고 있습니다. 이 글을 조금 더 빨리 쓸 걸 그랬네요..)

프로그래밍 쪽에서도 비슷하게 코드를 생성하는 사용법보다는 코드를 읽고 정보를 추출해주는 쪽이 저작권이나 윤리 문제가 적고 프로그래머의 능력 향상에 도움이 되지 않을거라고 생각하고요. (제가 상상하는 최적의 코딩 AI agent는 Rubber duck에 가까운데, 모든 질문과 해답이 제 머릿속에서 나와야 한다고 생각합니다. 그 중 문제 해결이나 능력 향상에 명백히 도움 안 될 질문만 잘 쳐내주면 좋겠어요.)

cf: 최근 Moral Codes를 조금씩 읽고 있습니다. 프로그래밍과 UI와 LLM과 윤리에 대한 책입니다. 아직 전부를 차근차근 읽은 건 아니지만, 기존의 LLM 논의가 갖혀있던 프레임에 빠져나오는 데에 큰 도움이 될 수 있다고 보여서 이 주제에 관심이 있는 분들에게 추천합니다. Open access라 무료로 볼 수 있어요.

  1. Generative AI in Servo에서 제시하는 potential exceptions가 제 분야와 정확하게 겹칩니다. ↩︎

  2. 현실적으로는 학습 데이터 오류 등으로 입력에 없던 내용이 튀어나오는 문제가 있습니다. Hallucination이라는 용어가 LLM 논의할때 주로 나오지만 실제로는 번역 task 연구 논문에서 처음 제시된 용어이고 해당 분야에서 이 문제는 오랫동안 중요하게 인지되어 왔습니다. ↩︎

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歐洲動態(國際) @europechinese@mstdn.social
Public

美國總統川普 宣佈要向丹麥等歐洲8國加徵關稅，2月加10%，6月調升至25%，直至有關「完全及全面的格陵蘭收購」達成協議為止

8國包括丹麥、英國、挪威、德國、法國、荷蘭、芬蘭、瑞典，都是兩天前派了士兵往格陵蘭 的國家

europechinese.blogspot.com/202

威脅向歐洲8國加15%-25%關稅迫賣格陵蘭 川普：事關世界和平！

格陵蘭首府努克（Nuuk）和丹麥首都哥本哈根週六都有抗議美國要求取得格陵蘭的示威之際，美國總統川普 週六在社交媒體宣佈要向丹麥等歐洲8國加徵關稅，直至有關「完全及全面的格陵蘭收購」達成協議為止 。

europechinese.blogspot.com

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Nonilex @Nonilex@masto.ai
Public
Shared by Ian Wagner

My god, this is Getty John Abernathy. He wrote on instagram “I was tackled by agents & surrounded by about 50 . Just for taking photos. I tossed my camera to another Photographer to make sure it wouldn't be confiscated. at the Federal building in .”
Photo by Pierre Lavie.

Getty photojournalist John Abernathy is seen face down on ground pinned & surrounded by federal agents. His arm is outstretched & his camera is midair as he tossed it to another photographer so it wouldn't be confiscated. Photo by Pierre Lavie.
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Martijn van Exel @mvexel@en.osm.town
Public
Shared by Ian Wagner

ICE, MSP, domestic terrorism

I was reading this report about the domestic terrorism inflicted upin the citizens of - it's truly scary.

donmoynihan.substack.com/p/dis

I saw this pop up on , read through some of the comments there, and the sentiment was: well this is serious but how do we know it't true?

This feels like tech bro escapism to me. Even if 1/10th of what we hear and see happen in MSP through citizen reports is true, we should all be afraid for our fellow citizens.

Dispatch from the occupation

What life is like in Minneapolis now

donmoynihan.substack.com

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Nolan Lawson @nolan@toot.cafe
Public

Had to upgrade my Vercel hobby account to the $20 plan because something (probably a bot) is hammering Pinafore and requesting the app icons over and over again (despite cache headers). I tried deleting some of the excessive icon sizes, and it kept hitting them anyway, and Vercel kept charging me for the 404s. Plus their dashboard won't even tell me what the user agent/IP is, nor allow me to block them.

So I guess I'm on the market for static hosting for my side projects. Cloudflare seems good?

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Hacker News 100 @hn100@social.lansky.name
Public

Show HN: Streaming gigabyte medical images from S3 without downloading them

Link: github.com/PABannier/WSIStream
Discussion: news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4

WSI Streamer is a tile server for Whole Slide Images (WSI) stored in S3-compatible object storage. It serves tiles on-demand using HTTP range requests, so you never have to download or mount multi-...

GitHub - PABannier/WSIStreamer: WSI Streamer is a tile server for Whole Slide Images (WSI) stored in S3-compatible object storage. It serves tiles on-demand using HTTP range requests, so you never have to download or mount multi-gigabyte slides on local disk.

WSI Streamer is a tile server for Whole Slide Images (WSI) stored in S3-compatible object storage. It serves tiles on-demand using HTTP range requests, so you never have to download or mount multi-...

github.com · GitHub

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Lukas @karotte@chaos.social
Public

I've long been wondering what ICs are used on these 60W USB PD supply boards as the markings have always been lasered off.

Now I saw one with the marking still on and the IC is available on LCSC! lcsc.com/product-detail/C42460

Wild that you can get a 60W DC/DC converter in a 4×4mm QFN16 package for 60ct.

XPM52CDP65 | FM | Price | In Stock | LCSC Electronics

XPM52CDP65 by FM - In-stock components at LCSC. Price from $0.3082. Free access XPM52CDP65 datasheet, Package, pinout diagrams, and BOM tools.

www.lcsc.com · LCSC Electronics

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Chris Alemany🇺🇦🇨🇦🇪🇸 @chris@mstdn.chrisalemany.ca
Public

Trump is now implying that Canada is dependent on the USA acquiring Greenland in order for it to gain “protection” under the “golden dome”.

It is time for Canada to end its participation in the Golden Dome and NORAD until the USA once again becomes a trustworthy global nation.

We cannot be dragged into complicity with international crimes.

It is time for Canadians to have a very very deep discussion about our military, our own expectations, and our neighbour. The days of “the longest unguarded border” are gone.

We need to consider a much more European stance. A much more Ukrainian stance.


trumpstruth.org/statuses/34583

Donald J. Trump: "We have subsidized Denmark, and all of the Countries of the European Union, ...

We have subsidized Denmark, and all of the Countries of the European Union, and others, for many years by not charging them Tariffs, or any other forms of remuneration. Now, after Centuries, it is time for Denmark to give back — World Peace is at stake! China and Russia want Greenland, and there is not a thing that Denmark can do about it. They currently have two dogsleds as protection, one added recently. Only the United States of America, under PRESIDENT DONALD J. TRUMP, can play in this game, and very successfully, at that! Nobody will touch this sacred piece of Land, especially since the National Security of the United States, and the World at large, is at stake. On top of everything else, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, France, Germany, The United Kingdom, The Netherlands, and Finland have journeyed to Greenland, for purposes unknown. This is a very dangerous situation for the Safety, Security, and Survival of our Planet. These Countries, who are playing this very dangerous game, have put a level of risk in play that is not tenable or sustainable. Therefore, it is imperative that, in order to protect Global Peace and Security, strong measures be taken so that this potentially perilous situation end quickly, and without question. Starting on February 1st, 2026, all of the above mentioned Countries (Denmark, Norway, Sweden, France, Germany, The United Kingdom, The Netherlands, and Finland), will be charged a 10% Tariff on any and all goods sent to the United States of America. On June 1st, 2026, the Tariff will be increased to 25%. This Tariff will be due and payable until such time as a Deal is reached for the Complete and Total purchase of Greenland. The United States has been trying to do this transaction for over 150 years. Many Presidents have tried, and for good reason, but Denmark has always refused. Now, because of The Golden Dome, and Modern Day Weapons Systems, both Offensive and Defensive, the need to ACQUIRE is especially important. Hundreds of Billions of Dollars are currently being spent on Security Programs having to do with “The Dome,” including for the possible protection of Canada, and this very brilliant, but highly complex system can only work at its maximum potential and efficiency, because of angles, metes, and bounds, if this Land is included in it. The United States of America is immediately open to negotiation with Denmark and/or any of these Countries that have put so much at risk, despite all that we have done for them, including maximum protection, over so many decades. Thank you for your attention to this matter!DONALD J. TRUMPPRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

www.trumpstruth.org · Trump's Truth

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Eugen Rochko @Gargron@mastodon.social
Public

Whenever you see what is doing in front of cameras, you must imagine what they're doing where nobody can see them--like in the concentration camps the USA is building. It's easy to read those words and much harder to fathom what they mean; that this is happening in our day and age, in what until recently was believed to be a first world country. "Abolish ICE" doesn't go nearly far enough in my view.

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皆村春樹 @halllki@misskey.io
Public

お土産の文化って日本特有のものなんだと聞いて、参勤交代のときに江戸から物品を持ち帰ったのが発祥かなあと思って調べたらお伊勢参りで持ち帰ったのが発祥っぽかった。​:naruhodonaa:​

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NetBlocks @netblocks@mastodon.social
Public

⚠️ Update: It's just past midnight in where a widespread internet shutdown imposed before elections remains in place.

The disruption continues to hamper news verification, amid reports that opposition leader Bobi Wine has been abducted by an army helicopter.

Graph from NetBlocks showing network connectivity in Uganda from January 8, 2025, to January 16, 2025. The y-axis represents normalized connectivity, ranging from 0% to 100%, and the x-axis represents the dates. The green line representing Uganda's connectivity remains normal most of the time period, with a sharp drop on the evening of January 13. The drop in connectivity aligns with general elections. The minimum and current connectivity levels are indicated as 17% and 23%, respectively. The chart has a dark background.
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Hacker News 50 @hn50@social.lansky.name
Public

Eight European countries face 10% tariff for opposing US control of Greenland

Link: apnews.com/article/denmark-gre
Discussion: news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4

People march during a pro- Greenlanders demonstration, in Copenhagen, Denmark, Saturday, Jan. 17, 2026. (Emil Helms/Ritzau Scanpix via AP)

Trump says 8 European countries will be charged a 10% tariff for opposing US control of Greenland

President Donald Trump says he'll charge a 10% import tax starting in February on goods from eight European countries because of opposition to U.S. control of Greenland.

apnews.com · AP News

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lime @lime@beige.party
Public

This is probably not going to work, but I'll give it a try anyway.

Who wants to adopt this pet project? :boost_ok:
personal pickup only. It cannot be shipped.

I have this little pet project that has been sitting here for 6 years now. I made it as a prototype for girls day 2020, to teach girls about electronics. Of course girls day 2020 never happened. 😞

Anyway. I spent a couple hundred euros making this thing. There's documentation and replacement parts galore.

For $REASONS I need to get rid of it now. For free.

It's a great project for learning how to code with an Arduino nano, and/or to learn about basic electronics. There's enough material to build a second cube.

I'll probably have to trash the hole thing if nobody wants it 😞

Edit: I'm surprised people are interested 🤩 ... I also have a heavy cardboard box with replacement parts and actually enough parts to build an entire second cube. Also to give away. Ideally to the same person, but if interests differ I'll hand them out separately. Making an 8x8x8 cube is a loooooot of tedious work though!

an 8x8x8 LED cube with blue lights. it has a black electronics compartment with a sticker "code like a girl" and engravings "girls day 2020" on the front. there is also a button to switch animation modes.the bottom of the cube shows a transparent door which can be removed by sliding it out. through the transparent acrylic glass the PCB, Arduino nano and lots of rainbow cables are visible.
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Epic Null @Epic_Null@infosec.exchange
Public

@Em0nM4stodonEm :official_verified: Here's the best I can figure:

  • These stories are often told well, whch means realistic characters in all roles.
  • These stories are meant as morality plays and discussions of tricky concepts. But again, they are told well, so the mechanics of the enemy's interactions make a lot of sense as well.
  • Here's where I think the break is: For Scifi, we often see "This behavior and enabling technology can cause this problem. Be mindful of that." On that SAME situation, TechBro's see "This behavior and technology can enable that control. Take advantage of that."
  • Flipping that, we have "This behavior and enabling technology can help you navigate this problem" , which naturally flips to "This behavior and technology could enable others to escape. Be mindful of that".

The key difference here is which the different viewers see as the desirable role and outcome. We don't want to be in 1984. They want to run 1984.

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Em :official_verified: @Em0nM4stodon@infosec.exchange
Public

AI assistants are the archnemesis
of data privacy.

Because AI models are inherent
data collectors.

They rely on large data collection for training, improvement, operation, and customization.

More often than not, this data is collected without clear and informed consent (from unknowing training subjects or from platform users). This data is then sent to and accessed by a private company with many incentives to share and monetize this data.

By using these platforms, we are encouraging them to collect even more nonconsensual data on everyone. This is an important social responsibility to consider. Choose carefully.

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Eugene McParland 🇺🇦 @EugeneMcParland@mastodon.ie
Public

says eight European countries face 10% tariff for opposing US control of Greenland

Donald Trump has said he will impose 10% tariffs on Nato countries - including the UK, France, and Germany – who have deployed troops to Greenland amid US threats to take over the Arctic island.

trumpstruth.org/statuses/34583

Donald J. Trump: "We have subsidized Denmark, and all of the Countries of the European Union, ...

We have subsidized Denmark, and all of the Countries of the European Union, and others, for many years by not charging them Tariffs, or any other forms of remuneration. Now, after Centuries, it is time for Denmark to give back — World Peace is at stake! China and Russia want Greenland, and there is not a thing that Denmark can do about it. They currently have two dogsleds as protection, one added recently. Only the United States of America, under PRESIDENT DONALD J. TRUMP, can play in this game, and very successfully, at that! Nobody will touch this sacred piece of Land, especially since the National Security of the United States, and the World at large, is at stake. On top of everything else, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, France, Germany, The United Kingdom, The Netherlands, and Finland have journeyed to Greenland, for purposes unknown. This is a very dangerous situation for the Safety, Security, and Survival of our Planet. These Countries, who are playing this very dangerous game, have put a level of risk in play that is not tenable or sustainable. Therefore, it is imperative that, in order to protect Global Peace and Security, strong measures be taken so that this potentially perilous situation end quickly, and without question. Starting on February 1st, 2026, all of the above mentioned Countries (Denmark, Norway, Sweden, France, Germany, The United Kingdom, The Netherlands, and Finland), will be charged a 10% Tariff on any and all goods sent to the United States of America. On June 1st, 2026, the Tariff will be increased to 25%. This Tariff will be due and payable until such time as a Deal is reached for the Complete and Total purchase of Greenland. The United States has been trying to do this transaction for over 150 years. Many Presidents have tried, and for good reason, but Denmark has always refused. Now, because of The Golden Dome, and Modern Day Weapons Systems, both Offensive and Defensive, the need to ACQUIRE is especially important. Hundreds of Billions of Dollars are currently being spent on Security Programs having to do with “The Dome,” including for the possible protection of Canada, and this very brilliant, but highly complex system can only work at its maximum potential and efficiency, because of angles, metes, and bounds, if this Land is included in it. The United States of America is immediately open to negotiation with Denmark and/or any of these Countries that have put so much at risk, despite all that we have done for them, including maximum protection, over so many decades. Thank you for your attention to this matter!DONALD J. TRUMPPRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

www.trumpstruth.org · Trump's Truth

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