The European Central Bank Consumer Expectations Survey calls out that “recent US tariffs may lead to a broader shift in preferences, causing Europeans to move away from US products and brands altogether, regardless of price changes.”
"around 44% of respondents expressed a willingness to shift their spending away from US products, irrespective of the tariff rate and primarily due to a preference to switch away”
https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/blog/date/2025/html/ecb.blog20250430~a1b1668cda.en.html
