I've spent some time fixing my father's #Windows machine, which had stopped applying updates ~18 months ago. Applying a major Windows update failed with code 0x8007001f, and trying it from a USB stick failed with a little bit of extra information: error code 0x8007001f - 0x3000D The installation failed in the FIRST_BOOT phase with an error during MIGRATE_DATA operation.
As it turns out his COMPONENTS registry hive was corrupted, and Windows refused to copy it to the new installation folder. 1/2