What are the legal implications?
- Absolute protection: Unlike many other rights in the Basic Law, dignity cannot be restricted or suspended—not even in a state of emergency.
- Interpretative principle: All other constitutional rights and laws must be read in light of human dignity. For example, freedom of speech or freedom of the press stops where it degrades human dignity.
- Judicial review: The Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht) often uses dignity as a guiding star in its rulings. Famous examples include:
- The ban on torture, even to save lives.
- Limits on state surveillance that would treat citizens as mere “objects.”
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