This has almost entirely defeated me. I may just need a Windows machine after all, whether that's a hosted runner, a VM, a NUC, or whatever else.
If anyone's curious to give it a go, I got it to the point where it will use PDM to populate a development environment that includes cibuildwheel, use that to start building wheels, download and install rustup, and the works.
The critical part where it seems to fail is in getting VS build tools or the Windows SDK up and running... everything fails at the link.exe stage.
https://codeberg.org/rereading/pyreading/src/branch/cgranade/wine-env/ci-environment/wine
If you have a fediverse account, you can quote this note from your own instance. Search https://wandering.shop/users/xgranade/statuses/116083769417138350 on your instance and quote it. (Note that quoting is not supported in Mastodon.)