What is Hackers' Pub?

Hackers' Pub is a place for software engineers to share their knowledge and experience with each other. It's also an ActivityPub-enabled social network, so you can follow your favorite hackers in the fediverse and get their latest posts in your feed.

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I'm happy to announce that our paper "Intrinsic Verification of
Parsers and Formal Grammar Theory in Dependent Lambek Calculus" has
been accepted at PLDI 2025. Authors are Steven Schaefer (my PhD
student @stschaefSteven Schaefer), Nathan Varner (an undergrad here at
UM) and Pedro Amorim (@pamorimPedro Amorim). The extended version
of the paper is already up on arxiv (arxiv.org/abs/2504.03995)
and the code is available on github
(github.com/maxsnew/grammars-an).

The main idea of the paper is to define formal grammars as types in an
ordered linear logic (aka Lambek calculus). Then the terms are a kind
of intrinsically sound parse transformer, with intrinsically verified
parsers as a special case. The idea is that you write a parser as a
function from strings to parse trees, but the syntactic discipline of
Lambek calculus ensures that the output tree is a parse of the input
string.

Then formalisms like regular expressions and context-free grammars are
just inductive data types in Lambek calculus, and with the addition of
type dependency on non-linear types we are also able to express
automata formalisms. So far, we have an intrinsically verified parser
for regular expressions (using the classic Regex->NFA->DFA pipeline
using the powerset construction) as well as some hand-written parsers
for context-free grammars.

We give a simple denotational model where a grammar is defined as a
family of sets indexed by strings Σ* -> Set, a proof relevant version
of the definition of a formal language as a predicate Σ* -> Prop. This
category is monoidal closed and bicomplete, so supports all the
constructions of dependent Lambek calculus. The denotational semantics
is used as the basis for a shallow embedding of the system in Agda,
where we have formally verified all of our examples.

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Adipose tissue retains an epigenetic memory of obesity after weight loss | Nature

Link
📌 Summary:
研究發現即使顯著減重後,人體脂肪組織仍保留「肥胖記憶」,主要透過表觀遺傳學機制。研究團隊分析了手術減重者及實驗小鼠的脂肪組織,發現減重後的脂肪細胞維持了特定的轉錄變化。在分子層面上,這些變化主要是由組蛋白修飾等表觀遺傳學改變所驅動。這種「肥胖記憶」使細胞對高脂飲食變得更加敏感,解釋了為何減重後容易復胖。這項發現為未來針對肥胖症的長期治療開闢了新方向,特別是可能開發表觀遺傳學幹預治療,改善體重管理效果。

🎯 Key Points:
- 研究分析了肥胖患者減重手術前後的脂肪組織樣本,以及接受高脂飲食再轉為正常飲食的實驗小鼠
- 減重後的脂肪細胞仍保留了許多肥胖相關的轉錄變化,包括代謝途徑下調和發炎路徑上調
- 表觀遺傳學分析顯示組蛋白修飾(如H3K4me3、H3K27me3和H3K27ac)在減重後仍未恢復正常
- 這些表觀遺傳學變化解釋了57-75%的持續性轉錄改變,表明「肥胖記憶」主要通過表觀遺傳學機制維持
- 具有「肥胖記憶」的小鼠在再次攝入高脂飲食時,體重增加更快,脂肪組織擴張更明顯
- 研究指出這種細胞「記憶」可能是減重後復胖(「溜溜球效應」)的主要原因之一
- 針對表觀遺傳學改變的治療策略可能有助於改善肥胖症的長期管理

🔖 Keywords:

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Google Is Illegally Monopolizing Online Advertising Tech, Judge Rules - The New York Times

Link


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📌 Summary:
美國聯邦法官布林克瑪於 2024 年 8 月裁定 Google 在線上廣告技術市場非法維持壟斷地位,違反《謝爾曼反托拉斯法》。法官認定 Google 在發布商工具與交易軟體系統兩部分構成壟斷,但駁回了關於廣告商工具的指控。此案是美國政府對大型科技公司一系列反壟斷行動的一部分,加上今年稍早對 Google 搜尋引擎壟斷的裁決,可能導致該公司被迫出售部分業務。

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🎯 Key Points:
- 布林克瑪法官認定 Google 在網路廣告技術領域非法獲取並維持壟斷地位
- Google 在發布商工具和廣告交易軟體方面構成壟斷,但廣告商工具部分的指控被駁回
- 美國司法部可能要求法院強制 Google 出售其多年來收購的廣告技術業務
- Google 網路廣告技術業務於 2023 年創造了 310 億美元收入,約佔母公司 Alphabet 總收入的十分之一
- 此案是更廣泛的反壟斷行動一部分,美國政府也對 Apple、Amazon 和 Meta 等科技巨頭提出類似訴訟
- Google 宣佈將對部分判決提出上訴,堅稱他們的廣告工具受歡迎是因為簡單、實惠且有效

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🔖 Keywords:

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Google Is Illegally Monopolizing Online Advertising Tech, Judge Rules - The New York Times

Link


#
📌 Summary:
美國聯邦法官布林克瑪於 2024 年 8 月裁定 Google 在線上廣告技術市場非法維持壟斷地位,違反《謝爾曼反托拉斯法》。法官認定 Google 在發布商工具與交易軟體系統兩部分構成壟斷,但駁回了關於廣告商工具的指控。此案是美國政府對大型科技公司一系列反壟斷行動的一部分,加上今年稍早對 Google 搜尋引擎壟斷的裁決,可能導致該公司被迫出售部分業務。

#
🎯 Key Points:
- 布林克瑪法官認定 Google 在網路廣告技術領域非法獲取並維持壟斷地位
- Google 在發布商工具和廣告交易軟體方面構成壟斷,但廣告商工具部分的指控被駁回
- 美國司法部可能要求法院強制 Google 出售其多年來收購的廣告技術業務
- Google 網路廣告技術業務於 2023 年創造了 310 億美元收入,約佔母公司 Alphabet 總收入的十分之一
- 此案是更廣泛的反壟斷行動一部分,美國政府也對 Apple、Amazon 和 Meta 等科技巨頭提出類似訴訟
- Google 宣佈將對部分判決提出上訴,堅稱他們的廣告工具受歡迎是因為簡單、實惠且有效

#
🔖 Keywords:

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Adipose tissue retains an epigenetic memory of obesity after weight loss | Nature

Link
📌 Summary:
研究發現即使顯著減重後,人體脂肪組織仍保留「肥胖記憶」,主要透過表觀遺傳學機制。研究團隊分析了手術減重者及實驗小鼠的脂肪組織,發現減重後的脂肪細胞維持了特定的轉錄變化。在分子層面上,這些變化主要是由組蛋白修飾等表觀遺傳學改變所驅動。這種「肥胖記憶」使細胞對高脂飲食變得更加敏感,解釋了為何減重後容易復胖。這項發現為未來針對肥胖症的長期治療開闢了新方向,特別是可能開發表觀遺傳學幹預治療,改善體重管理效果。

🎯 Key Points:
- 研究分析了肥胖患者減重手術前後的脂肪組織樣本,以及接受高脂飲食再轉為正常飲食的實驗小鼠
- 減重後的脂肪細胞仍保留了許多肥胖相關的轉錄變化,包括代謝途徑下調和發炎路徑上調
- 表觀遺傳學分析顯示組蛋白修飾(如H3K4me3、H3K27me3和H3K27ac)在減重後仍未恢復正常
- 這些表觀遺傳學變化解釋了57-75%的持續性轉錄改變,表明「肥胖記憶」主要通過表觀遺傳學機制維持
- 具有「肥胖記憶」的小鼠在再次攝入高脂飲食時,體重增加更快,脂肪組織擴張更明顯
- 研究指出這種細胞「記憶」可能是減重後復胖(「溜溜球效應」)的主要原因之一
- 針對表觀遺傳學改變的治療策略可能有助於改善肥胖症的長期管理

🔖 Keywords:

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@jeremyjanzenJeremy Janzen 🇨🇦 @Crispius @LinuxLinux Is Best @cwebberChristine Lemmer-Webber as for , the (§20a AufenthG) is an option, tho it does require either a sponsor with significant unallocated income ( € 1.091,-- per month & person after taxes!) or equal amounts of savings in a depository account in Germany.

  • Luckily for citizens (= any holder of a passport!) they can change their status post-entry arrival on a 90-of-180 day Schengen on-arrival visa (which requires a return ticket within said time frame and will only be issued for that one).

This is obvioisly and I'd highly recommend to seek consultation with a like @marcelMarcel Keienborg and his colleagues beforehand.

Needless to say the "Opportunity Card" is focussed on white-collar professionals and academics with a certified degree, so investing the €200 + paperwork to get accredited did help one person to I know to get that started.

  • Either way, the ability for US passport holders to change status post-entry from tourist to resident and thus get a path to citizenship is something specific to Germany. If one can get hired within 90 days of entry into Germany and then file for residency permit and employment permit, that should also be an option. To again I do advice to seek consultation beforehand...

Other nations may have different requirements and are potentially easier to attain for people without an academic degree.

  • Allegedly the and their (Dutch-American Friendship Treaty) scheme may be more accessible for some, but I don't know Dutch and can't refer to a lawyer in the Netherlands.

Needless to say that I'd see the chances of getting asylum or protected status granted as very slim right now.

  • Either way I do recommend to - (if possible) - arrive directly in Germany as first point of entry into EU/EFTA/Schengen to avoid any Dublin-II situation where agencies may demand one to file for asylum at the point of entry if one has to do so at some point.

Again: "Passport Privilegue" helps a lot, or as I call it "Business Class Escape"...

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uspol, for trans people

@cwebberChristine Lemmer-Webber If the federal government hates trans people so much, you’d think Rubio and Co. would let them renew that _one_ travel document with their preferred gender, so that they can easily leave and never come back.

(That sentence might make it sound like I’m anti-trans. I’m not at all. I’m just playing devil’s advocate here.)

uspol, for trans people

@colinColin Cogle :verified: @cwebberChristine Lemmer-Webber
Except that they want to hurt and control people. You're thinking about this as though we're a nuisance they want to be rid of. That's not it. We're favored victims that they want to control, abuse, and make examples of. They want us trapped.

And, the thing is, they want everyone else trapped, too. They like hurting people, and they want to do it more.

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Granddaughter #5, 6yo, is going to break some ❤️❤️❤️.

GD#5: I HAAAVVVEEE to get ready!

Dad: For picture day?

GD#5: NO, for the new student.

Dad: Do you have to get ready in case he’s cute?

GD#5: NO DAD! I CAN’T HAVE 4 CRUSHES!!!

Dad: You have 3 crushes?

GD#5: Yes, DAD!

Dad: Who are they?

GD#5: Warrior, Hudson, and Cameron!!!
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New Kitten release

• Fixes #236¹: The data preview pages in Kitten’s settings how handle circular references in the deserialised data (which may contain your custom classes if that’s what you were persisting in the database).

kitten.small-web.org

:kitten:💕

PS. Those pages are very rudimentary at the moment and are good for getting quick visual overview of the data you’re persisting. For a fully interactive view, use Kitten’s interactive shell (REPL)² to explore your data until I’ve had a chance to implement a more comprehensive visual interface.

PPS. You persist data in Kitten using the built-in JavaScript Database (JSDB)³ (Or, of course, you can install and use any other database.)

¹ codeberg.org/kitten/app/issues
² kitten.small-web.org/reference
³ codeberg.org/small-tech/jsdb#j

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